When it comes to medical devices, users typically put more trust in a digital device as opposed to non-digital, even if the function and underlying ‘test’ is largely the same. Take pregnancy tests as an example, where many users choose to validate the test result using a digital test following the use of a non-digital initially.

So why do we trust digital devices more? Understanding the ‘why’ is important in ensuring users have a positive experience when interacting with their devices. In this article, Design Engineer Rob discusses the why, and how we can use digital technology across other diagnostic devices.

A 2020 teardown of a digital pregnancy test showed that the actual ‘test’ part uses the same paper test strip as an analogue test. The main difference found was that digital device had added sensing and process electronics that could detect a reading and display it on a small screen in the binary ‘pregnant’, ‘not pregnant’ word format. Newer tests can also indicate weeks through.

For example, Clear blue has three types of test available for purchase. 1 – analogue, 2- digital, 3-digital with date. So why is it that trust in these devices is different when the underlying test is the same and how do these factors translate to other diagnostic and healthcare devices?

In the pregnancy test, when talking about trust – you’re looking at trust in the result. This involves creating a trustworthy conceptual model in the user’s mind on how the device works, considering what builds or reduces trust at each user step can help with this. In this case, ease/simplicity of conducting the test, feedback that the test has been conducted properly, and the way the result is presented are three key areas. Between the analogue and digital devices, slight differences in these areas affect the user’s perception of the device;

  • The binary response on the digital version is unambiguous and requires no interpretation.
  • Although the expected results on the analogue device are labelled on the device. If someone sees something different e.g. a faint line, this may generate uncertainty and resulting in less trust in the result and in future.
  • The digital device costs more, this alone may give users the impression of improved quality and accuracy – which in turn impacts trust.
  • The digital device provides feedback through a flashing light when enough of a sample has been passed, the analogue device does not. This extra feedback during the test may help with conducting an accurate test and give the user confidence that they have indeed done the test correctly.
  • The overall time taken to process and display a result is similar between both devices. However, the digital device displays a visual countdown which gives the user feedback – ‘something is happening’ – which might help reduce anxiety during the wait.

In the case of pregnancy tests, digital technology is used to build trust by making the result easier to interpret and providing feedback during the testing procedure which helps improve trust in this specific situation. Using techniques like journey mapping can help understand critical steps and how those steps are perceived by users, in turn offering opportunities for solutions.

Devices used for diabetes care including blood glucose meters, prefilled syringes and autoinjectors

How can we use digital technology to enhance trust in other diagnostic devices?

  • Reduce ambiguity and enhance legibility in the display of results.
  • Increase accuracy (both perceived and real).
  • Manage speed of result – quicker results, analysis and feedback during processing could help reduce uncertainty during this period.
  • Make users feel connected and valued during the process.
  • Enhance personal feelings of ownership of the data and how the results are to be used.
  • Responsibility – Giving users autonomy, transparency, and security over collected data (storage, usage and processing of result) is essential in building trust in a digital device.

A 2022 report revealed the 3 most important characteristics (out of a possible 10) for innovative diagnostic products for both clinicians and diagnostics companies were reliability, ease of use and cost. Keeping this in mind it is important to evaluate how a digital integration in a diagnostic product may affect these drivers.

HD take a lean approach to product development looking to apply the right technology, to the right situation. In both cases HD have worked on both mechanical and digital diagnostic devices in the past and have in-house examples of using digital devices to provide useful, trustworthy insights to users, if you’d like to speak to us about building trust in your own diagnostic device project, we’d love to chat.

Robert Garland - Medical Device Design Development Engineer at Haughton Design Rob Garland 11 April 2024

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Get in Touch with Rob Garland

Design Development Engineer

Rob graduated from the Dyson School of Design Engineering at Imperial College London in 2021 with a Master’s in Design Engineering. Prior to joining HD, he worked in the automotive sector using state of the art 3D scanning and 3D printing techniques. He has a keen interest in human centred, interaction and experience design and has expertise in additive manufacturing, CAD, IoT, UI and mechatronics.

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